What is one functional unit of the kidney called?

• A. Nephron
• B. Glomerulus
• C. Tubule
• D. Corpuscle

Answer: (A)

The functional unit of the kidney is called a nephron. Each nephron is responsible for filtering blood, a crucial process in the regulation of water, electrolytes, and waste products in the body. The nephron is composed of various structures that work together to perform its functions, including the glomerulus (where blood filtration begins), the renal tubules (which further process the filtrate), and other components that contribute to urine formation.

Understanding the nephron's role as the fundamental unit is essential for grasping how kidneys function as a whole. It is also important because it plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis, regulating blood pressure, and balancing electrolytes. The other terms listed, such as glomerulus and tubule, refer to specific parts of the nephron, but they do not represent the entire functional unit. The nephron encompasses all these components, making it the correct choice for this question.